Nose-to-Brain (N2B) Delivery
Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery Pathway Explained
A 2025 PET imaging study confirmed insulin reaches the human brain via nasal delivery in 30 minutes.
Kai Mbeki
Senior Writer · · 13 min read
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Drug Delivery Beyond Injections
Oral Peptide Delivery and the Intestinal Barrier Problem
Gastric acid and intestinal enzymes destroy most peptides before they reach absorptive cells.
Elias Kowalski
Drug Delivery Beyond Injections
Nausea Mechanisms in Injectable GLP-1 Therapy
The area postrema bypasses the blood-brain barrier to trigger nausea in roughly half of GLP-1 users.
Kai Park
Drug Delivery Beyond Injections
GLP-1 Injection Discontinuation Rates and Their Causes
Most GLP-1 patients quit within a year, often before the drug delivers visible results.
Andre Nair
